This paper (The Vulnerable Prenate) is an edited and elaborated version of the same-titled paper presented at the 1995 San Francisco APPPAH Congress, and is also published in the Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Journal, 10(3), Spring 1996.
Abstract:
Based on the author’s extensive work with patients, this article clarifies the conditions under which prenatal experiences may be lifelong and describes the theoretical and research perspectives necessary to understand the effects of prenatal traumatization. In addition, since the incidences of personal and societal violence are at an all-time peak and increasing, the author discusses the effects of pre- and peri-natal trauma on aggression and violence. (end)
The prenate (i.e., the unborn baby) is vulnerable in a number of ways that are generally unrecognized and unarticulated. Most people think or assume that prenates are unaware, and seldom attribute to them the status of being human. I recall a recent train trip, where an expectant mother sat in a smoking car filled with boisterous and noisy people. I asked her whether she had any concern for her unborn baby, and whether she thought the smoke or the noise would be bothersome to her unborn child. Her reply was, “Well of course not, my dear. They are not very intelligent or awake yet.” Nothing could be further from the truth.
Continue reading The Vulnerable Prenate by William R. Emerson, Ph.D.